Abstract
To investigate goose feather follicle development and difference among the dorsal, ventral, and thoracal tracts during embryonic stage, the present study was conducted on 180 embryos at different ages obtained from the Jilin White goose, a Chinese indigenous breed. The study indicated that the epidermis and dermis of goose embryo formed between embryonic day 10 (E10) and 12 (E12). The thickness of the epidermis remained unchanged until hatching; while the thickness of the dermis increased throughout embryonic development. The primary feather follicles formed around E13-E14 and there were no new primary feather follicles forming after E18. The secondary feather follicles formed coincidently at E18. The density of primary and secondary feather follicles on the ventral and thoracal tracts were significantly higher than those on the dorsal tract (p 0.05). It is concluded that the Jilin White goose is of a single-follicle group structure, differing from mammals which are of multiple-follicle group structure.
Highlights
The goose is one of the most important, widely spread domestic species within China
In studies of the feather follicle development so far reported, most attention has intensively been focused on the formation (Dhouailly, 1970; Prum, 1999; Sawyer et al, 2003; Jiang et al, 2004), morphogenesis, differentiation, and maturation of the feather follicles (Dhouailly, 1970; Haake et al, 1984; Yu et al, 2002; Alibardi, 2005; Alibardi, 2006), feather cycling (Paus et al, 1999; Stenn and Paus, 2001; Mou et al, 2006), and molecular expression, and regulative mechanism in chicken (Nohno et al, 1995; Harris et al, 2002; Harris et al, 2005; Yue et al, 2006)
Development and patterning of feather follicles in goose the general features and detailed development and growth of feather follicles in chicken, duck and other avian have been well described (Prum, 1999; Yu et al, 2002; 2004; Sawyer et al, 2003), only less information is available for goose species (Lilja, 1981)
Summary
The goose is one of the most important, widely spread domestic species within China. The production of high quality down feathers is one of the most interesting goals for goose breeding along with meat and eggs (Tu et al, 2006), so the investigations of goose down characteristics of quality relevant to morphology, physics, and biology have been extensively carried out and reported (Bonser, 1995; Dawson et al, 2000; Taylor et al, 2004; Wilde et al, 2006). The basics of feather morphogenesis have been described (Lucas et al, 1972), as has a comprehensive description of the developmental biology of feather follicles in chicken was reported (Yu et al, 2004). The development of the primary and secondary feather follicles in the embryonic stage of goose has not been studied widely. Neither the embryonic nor the postnatal development of feather follicle in the indigenous Chinese goose has been reported so far. This paper, presents some values for feather follicle development of the Jilin White goose in China
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