Abstract
Conveyor fused deposition modelling (CFDM) 3D printing of graphene (GR)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite filament offers a unique capability to manufacture tailorable honeycomb structures which can be designed and optimized for specific applications. Among the various filaments that can be used for 3D printing, PLA, carbon black (CB)/PLA, and GR/PLA filaments were collected and then examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and Raman spectra. A stereolithography (STL) file with a 3D honeycomb structure model was prepared and transformed into a G-code file using a G-code generator. The extrusion conditions for CFDM 3D printing were controlled by infill and print speed. PLA, CB/PLA, and GR/PLA composite honeycomb samples were manufactured by 3D printing based on FDM using PLA, CB/PLA, and GR/PLA filaments. CFDM 3D printed honeycomb samples prepared by PLA, CB/PLA and GR/PLA filament were analyzed for morphology, surface resistance, electrical heating properties. For the 3D printed honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA, the optimum condition was set up 230 °C and 220 °C respectively of the printer temperature, 50 °C of bed temperature, and 30 mm/s of printer speed. Surface resistivity of honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA is about 299.0 Ω/sq and 118.0 Ω/sq. The maximum surface temperature of honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA is ca. 78.7 °C and 143.0 °C applied to 25 V.
Highlights
Conveyor fused deposition modeling (CFDM) 3D printing process is a one of new technology of FDM 3D printing, which can be provided new possibilities, like long printings and producing series production
polylactic acid (PLA), carbon black (CB)/PLA, and GR/PLA filaments were collected, and 3D printed honeycomb structure samples were fabricated using those filaments by CFDM 3D printer
The result of thermal properties of PLA, CB/PLA and GR/PLA filament, T g and Tcc of CB/PLA or GR/PLA filament shifted to lower temperature than PLA filament, whereas Tm of CB/PLA or GR/PLA filament shifted to higher temperature compared to the PLA, which is associated with melting of large portion of crystals in composites, which are formed due to the nucleation effect of carbon nanofillers
Summary
Conveyor fused deposition modeling (CFDM) 3D printing process is a one of new technology of FDM 3D printing, which can be provided new possibilities, like long printings and producing series production. Several studies are studied to apply 3D printing technology to textiles (Grimmelsmann et al 2018; Kim and Kim 2018; Kim et al 2019a; Lee. 2019; Mpofu et al 2019), existing FDM 3D printing technology is difficult to manufacture in large quantities due to limit of bed size and nozzle movement. CFDM 3D printing technology has complimented these parts and can be applied to mass production of fabrics by improving productivity through continuous process. It is designed to enable continuous process by combining unique conveyor belt type bed technology with FDM 3D printer.
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