Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaounde from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20 - 65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%) was the main lipid abnormality found, independently of gender, age, fat location. Waist circumference (WC) unlike body mass index (BMI) and body fatness was associated to hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Low HDL-cholesterolemia and high atherogenic risk profile are more prevalent amongst Cameroonian adults. Promotion of healthy lifestyle including good eating habits shall be encouraged to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease complications.
Highlights
Evidence of sudden and unexpected death is common in Cameroon amongst apparently healthy people, probably due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1] [2]
Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for Windows 20.0 was used for analysis of data
Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and Chi square test was used for comparisons
Summary
Evidence of sudden and unexpected death is common in Cameroon amongst apparently healthy people, probably due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1] [2]. Dyslipidemia includes elevated cholesterol, high triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) cholesterol levels which have been reported to increase cardiovascular risk [18] [19]. Evidence further proved that even in the same population, lipid profile differs in subgroup of obese individuals, with different metabolic and cardiovascular risk profiles [22]. Given that only few data document dyslipidemia profile and their incidence on cardiovascular risk of Cameroonian, this study was carried out to describe lipid profile across BMI categories, to identify the most common dyslipidemia, to examine the association between anthropometric markers, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy adults living in Yaoundé. This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults.
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