Abstract
Double leached Waelz oxide (DLWO), with 76% zinc, is a secondary zinc containing raw materials obtained by the treatment of electric arc furnace dust. The content of fluoride in DLWO is still too high for direct leaching, as fluoride has a detrimental effect on electrowinning for zinc production. Knowledge of the characteristics of DLWO, and especially on how a fluoride mineral might exist, can contribute to further improvement of the selective leaching for the removal of fluoride. In this study, DLWO was characterized using analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 19F liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (19F LS NMR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (19F SS NMR). This study showed that DLWO mainly consisted of zincite (ZnO), cerussite (PbCO3) and a spinel containing zinc, iron and manganese. The fluoride mineral identified was calcium fluoride (CaF2). In SEM analysis, fluorine was found in larger grains together with calcium and oxygen, which was possibly calcium carbonate.
Highlights
In 2017, 13.2 million metric tons of refined zinc metal were produced worldwide [1], of which 80%were obtained via the roasting, leaching and electrowinning (RLE) route
Elemental analysis showed that Double leached Waelz oxide (DLWO) mainly consisted of zinc; the sample material used in study had comparably high zinc content
The characterization of DLWO showed that 90% of the particles were
Summary
In 2017, 13.2 million metric tons of refined zinc metal were produced worldwide [1], of which 80%. The double-leached WO (DLWO) contained 61–66% zinc, 7–9% lead, 3.5–5.5% iron and the content of the halogens was reduced to
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