Characterization of different strains of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in Bangladesh using microsatellite DNA markers

Rashedul Kabir Mondol,Shahidul Islam,Samsul Alam

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572006000400009

Rashedul Kabir Mondol, Shahidul Islam + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572006000400009

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Abstract

Characterization of different strains of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using molecular markers is essential for the management of this fish in respect to the evaluation of the potential genetic effects induced by hatchery operations and the genetic improvement of carp varieties. Five microsatellite loci (MFW1, MFW2, MFW11, MFW15 and MFW20) were analyzed for the molecular characterization of four common carp strains, i.e. scaled carp, mirror carp, red carp and koi carp. We observed differences in heterozygosities and the average numbers of alleles but not in polymorphic loci (P95) among the strains. Koi carp displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity. The Nm values and the FST values indicated a low level of gene flow and high level of differentiation among the strains. The highest genetic distance was observed between the scaled carp and the koi carp whilst the lowest genetic distance was found between the red- and koi carp. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram resulted in two clusters, one containing only the scaled carp and the other the remaining three varieties. Microsatellite markers have been found to be effective tools for characterization of different strains of common carp.

Highlights

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) belongs to the Cyprinidae, the largest freshwater teleost family (Nelson, 1994), and is probably the oldest and most extensively cultured fish species in the world
The study described in this paper examined the levels of genetic polymorphism in different strains of common carp in Bangladesh using microsatellite DNA markers developed by Crooijmans et al (1997)
Though studies on genetic structure of this species are available elsewhere in the world (Kohlmann and Kersten, 1999; Tanck et al, 2000; David et al, 2001; Lehoczky et al, 2002; Bartfai et al, 2003; Kohlmann et al, 2003) our study is the first attempt to reveal the genetic structure of different strains of common carp introduced in Bangladesh

Summary

Introduction

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) belongs to the Cyprinidae, the largest freshwater teleost family (Nelson, 1994), and is probably the oldest and most extensively cultured fish species in the world. Different varieties of common carp (e.g. races, landraces, strains, breeds and stocks) have been developed through a combination of forces including geographical isolation, adaptation, accumulation of mutations and natural as well as human selection pressure (Hulata, 1995). As many as 15 exotic fishes (Ali, 1998) have been introduced into Bangladesh, the common carp is the most important fish that is being extensively cultured throughout the country.

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