Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a multi-depot organ in mammals. AT from various depots differs in composition and function. Revealing the composition feature of AT depots will provide valuable information for further research on the development and fat deposition patterns in buffalo. This study explored the cellular morphology and gene expression profiles of brown and beige markers in seven AT depots of fattened buffalo: three subcutaneous depots (back, sternum, and inguinal) and four visceral depots (perirenal, mesenteric, pericardial, and omental). Histological results showed unilocular adipocytes in all seven AT depots. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA, a brown and beige adipocyte gene, was detected in all depots with the highest level in VAT depots, and a limited number of UCP1-positive unilocular adipocytes were observed in the three VAT depots. The mRNAs of PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 ) and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26), brown or beige adipocyte markers, were identified in all seven depots and were mainly expressed in VAT depots. However, the mRNA of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1), a brown adipocyte-specific marker, was almost undetectable. Our results demonstrated that all seven AT depots are white adipose tissue (WAT), with potential function of non-shivering thermogenesis in fattened buffalo. Beige adipocytes are more active in VAT depots than in WAT depots. These results improve our knowledge on the feature of different adipose tissue depots in buffalo, which will be useful for the research of fat deposition.
Highlights
Adipose tissue (AT) in mammals is a multi-depot endocrine organ that secretes numerous humoral factors to regulate multiple biological processes, including energy metabolism
AT depots can be classified as white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT), and these tissues differ in both morphology and function
The morphological difference between white and brown adipocytes can be identified with hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining (Lidell et al, 2013; Cypess et al, 2013; Matthew et al, 2016)
Summary
Adipose tissue (AT) in mammals is a multi-depot endocrine organ that secretes numerous humoral factors to regulate multiple biological processes, including energy metabolism. AT depots can be classified as white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT), and these tissues differ in both morphology and function. J. Huang et al.: Characterization of different adipose depots in fattened buffalo beige adipocytes, the morphology and function of which are in between those of white and brown adipocytes. AT has a significant role in maintaining organism health It has been the focus of many animal studies, and as a result there is a relatively clear understanding of the morphology and composition of different AT depots in humans and rodents (Wu et al, 2012). To reveal the composition and potential function of different AT depots in fattened buffalo, seven AT depots were resected for morphological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), as well as RT-qPCR analysis of brown and beige adipocyte gene expression and immunohistochemistry. This study will make an important contribution to our current understanding of the composition and differences of AT depots in fattened buffalo
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