Abstract
This paper studies the feasibility of impact-generated Rayleigh waves (R-waves) for measuring deep surface-opening cracks in concrete structures. The aim is to contribute to a methodology for simple and effective in-place crack depth estimation. Specimens induced with vertical slits of different depths were prepared for measurement. A 2-sensor array was implemented and elastic waves of different central frequencies were generated by mechanical impacts with steel- ball hammers of different ball diameters. R-wave amplitudes were extracted from the waveforms. Attenuation of R-waves due to diffraction and scattering by the slits and the trend of amplitude decaying with slit depth were examined. A reasonable correlation between the amplitude factor and slit depth-to-wavelength ratio was established, indicating a loss of sensitivity in the change of amplitude factor with regard to dominant wavelengths smaller than the slit depth. By comparing results of the P-wave time-offlight (TOF) method, the results by measuring again using the proposed method confirmed the feasibility of R-wave attenuation as an alternative parameter for characterizing surface-opening cracks. In addition, the potential problems associated with the reliability of P-wave TOF method in estimating a crack with limited length were also demonstrated.
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