Abstract
BackgroundThrough the diversity of cytokinin regulated processes, this phytohormone has a profound impact on plant growth and development. Cytokinin signaling is involved in the control of apical and lateral meristem activity, branching pattern of the shoot, and leaf senescence. These processes influence several traits, including the stem diameter, shoot architecture, and perennial life cycle, which define the development of woody plants. To facilitate research about the role of cytokinin in regulation of woody plant development, we have identified genes associated with cytokinin signaling and homeostasis pathways from two hardwood tree species.ResultsTaking advantage of the sequenced black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and peach (Prunus persica) genomes, we have compiled a comprehensive list of genes involved in these pathways. We identified genes belonging to the six families of cytokinin oxidases (CKXs), isopentenyl transferases (IPTs), LONELY GUY genes (LOGs), two-component receptors, histidine containing phosphotransmitters (HPts), and response regulators (RRs). All together 85 Populus and 45 Prunus genes were identified, and compared to their Arabidopsis orthologs through phylogenetic analyses.ConclusionsIn general, when compared to Arabidopsis, differences in gene family structure were often seen in only one of the two tree species. However, one class of genes associated with cytokinin signal transduction, the CKI1-like family of two-component histidine kinases, was larger in both Populus and Prunus than in Arabidopsis.
Highlights
Through the diversity of cytokinin regulated processes, this phytohormone has a profound impact on plant growth and development
The best bidirectional hit (BBH) method was used as the first approach to determine orthologous pairs of the cytokinin signaling and response genes in Prunus as described by [38]
To characterize the genetic components of cytokinin signaling and homeostasis pathways from Populus and Prunus, we identified genes belonging to the six families of cytokinin oxidases (CKXs), isopentenyl transferases (IPTs), LONELY GUY genes (LOGs), two-component receptors, histidine containing phosphotransmitters (HPts), and type-B, type-A, and type-C response regulators (RRs)
Summary
Through the diversity of cytokinin regulated processes, this phytohormone has a profound impact on plant growth and development. Cytokinin signaling contributes to the regulation of multiple fundamental processes active in plant development These include cell division, meristem maintenance, shoot initiation and growth, vascular patterning, flower and seed development, nutrient uptake, chloroplast differentiation and light perception [1,2,3]. This hormone plays a role in regulating several developmental programs defining the life of perennial woody plants, including the activity of vascular cambium, branching pattern of the shoot, and the onset of leaf senescence. Different combinations of the twocomponent elements presumably add diversity into the process and outcome of the phosphorelay
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