Characterization of β-cyclodextrin/phillipsite (β-CD/Ph) composite as a potential carrier for oxaliplatin as therapy for colorectal cancer; loading, release, and cytotoxicity

Abstract

β-cyclodextrin/phillipsite (β-CD/Ph) composite was synthesized and studied for the first time as an advanced, low cost, effective, and multifunctional delivery system for oxaliplatin drug of enhanced loading, release, and anticancer properties. The functionalization of phillipsite resulted in a significant enhancement in the OXP loading capacity (79.6 mg/g (phillipsite)) and 291.5 mg/g (β-CD/Ph). The OXP loading behavior of β-CD/Ph follows the kinetic and isotherm of Pseudo-First order (R2 =0.98) and Freundlich (R2 =0.99) models, respectively. The steric properties of the advanced equilibrium modeling demonstrate high active sites densities for β-CD/Ph (98.3 mg/g) than phillipsite (27.9 mg/g) which illustrates its high loading capacity. The loading energy (−8.17 KJ/mol) and the number of loaded OXP per site (n = 2.96) suggest loading of two or three molecules per site by multi-molecular and physical mechanisms (< 40 KJ/mol). The OXP release profile from β-CD/Ph show controlled behavior as compared to phillipsite either within the acetate buffer (140 h) or phosphate buffer (180 h). The OXP release kinetics considers the diffusion exponent (0.48–0.67) reflecting complex diffusion and erosion release mechanisms. The cytotoxicity studies on colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) declared significant activity for the composite itself and significant enhancement for the effect of the loaded drug. Additionally, the composite is of safe and biocompatible properties considering its cytotoxic effect on normal colorectal cells (CCD-18Co).