Abstract
BackgroundInfluenza virus has antigen drift and antigen shift effect, vaccination with some influenza vaccine might not induce sufficient immunity for host to the threat of other influenza virus strains. S-OIV H1N1 and H5N1 influenza vaccines in single-dose immunization were evaluated in mice for cross protection to the challenge of A/California/7/2009 H1N1 or NIBRG-14 H5N1 virus.ResultsBoth H1N1 and H5N1 induced significant homologous IgG, HAI, and microneutralization antibody responses in the mice, while only vaccines plus adjuvant produced significant heterogeneous IgG and HAI antibody responses. Both alum and MPLA adjuvants significantly reduced the S-OIV H1N1 vaccine dose required to elicit protective HAI antibody titers from 0.05 μg to 0.001 μg. Vaccines alone did not protect mice from challenge with heterogeneous influenza virus, while H5N1 vaccine plus alum and MPLA adjuvants did. Mouse body weight loss was also less significant in the presence of adjuvant than in the vaccine without adjuvant. Furthermore, both H1N1 and H5N1 lung viral titers of immunized mice were significantly reduced post challenge with homologous viruses.ConclusionOnly in the presence of MPLA adjuvant could the H5N1 vaccine significantly reduce mouse lung viral titers post H1N1 virus challenge, and not vice versa. MPLA adjuvant induced cross protection with a single dose vaccination to the challenge of heterogeneous influenza virus in mice. Lung viral titer seemed to be a better indicator compared to IgG, neutralization antibody, and HAI titer to predict survival of mice infected with influenza virus.
Highlights
Influenza virus has antigen drift and antigen shift effect, vaccination with some influenza vaccine might not induce sufficient immunity for host to the threat of other influenza virus strains
Production of swine-original influenza virus A (S-OIV) H1N1 and NIBRG-14 H5N1 vaccine It is previously reported that a single candidate seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine produced by an identical process was highly immunogenic and protective in mammalian (Vero) cells [17]
Results showed that the S-OIV H1N1 vaccine contained about 38 μg/ml of HA protein, which was estimated to be equal to 1 to 1.5 doses of vaccine (15 μg HA was regarded as one dose) for each egg
Summary
Influenza virus has antigen drift and antigen shift effect, vaccination with some influenza vaccine might not induce sufficient immunity for host to the threat of other influenza virus strains. S-OIV H1N1 and H5N1 influenza vaccines in single-dose immunization were evaluated in mice for cross protection to the challenge of A/California/7/2009 H1N1 or NIBRG-14 H5N1 virus. The current trivalent vaccine is unlikely to provide significant protection against the novel pandemic H1N1 strain, especially for children and young adults because of absence or low immunity to the novel 2009 H1N1 strains [2,3]. It has been reported that previous vaccination of children with trivalent vaccine of the last four seasons did not elicit a cross-reactive antibody response to the pandemic H1N1 strain [4]. A monovalent vaccine based on the novel H1N1 strain will be required to induce protective immunity
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