Abstract
Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico. Isolates were classified as commensal E. coli when distinctive genes related to diarrheagenic pathotypes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, LT, stp, ipaH, and aggR) were discarded by PCR. Identification of serotype, phylogenetic group, and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. A total of 41 isolates were characterized. The phylogenetic groups found were B1 in 37 isolates (90.2%), A in 2 (4.8%), and 1 isolate (2.4%) for C and D groups. Serotypes associated with diarrhea in humans (O104:H2 and O154:NM) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (O8:NM) were detected. Thirty-three isolates (80%) were resistant to ceftazidime, 23 (56%), to tetracycline 8 (19.5%) to ampicillin, and 1 to amikacin. Six isolates (14.6%) were multidrug-resistant. This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population.
Highlights
Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms
It was observed that 49 E. coli isolates (54%) expressed at least one virulence factor included in this study, whereas the remaining 41 isolates (46%) did not express any virulence factor
Serotypes associated with diarrhea in the Mexican population O154:NM (4.8%) and O104:H2 (2.4%); and a serotype implicated in hemolytic uremic syndrome, O8:NM (4.8%) were found (Table 3)
Summary
Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico. Conclusions: This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population. Commensal Escherichia coli (CEC) has colonized and adapted to the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, they can be suddenly challenged by the selective pressure originated throughout antimicrobial therapy stewardship. CEC acquires different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes to withstand this challenge and preserve the microbial homeostasis in the lower intestinal tract. The possibility to switch to a pathogenic lifestyle due to horizontal gene transfer should not be underrated [2]
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