Abstract
Abstract Elemental analyses and chemical degradation techniques were applied to characterize lignin compounds in different stages of the chlorine bleaching process and in total mill effluent. Ultrafiltration was used for separation of chlorolignins into three nominal molecular weight fractions. Alkaline CuO oxidation products were analyzed by HPLC with diode array detection. Major compounds were identified by reference to authentic compounds. For comparison, native lignins (MWL), kraft lignins, and humic substances were studied as well. The oxygen, carbon and organic chlorine contents were closely similar in the various mill samples and their fractions. In all mill samples, vanillin and 6-chlorovanillin were the most abundant CuO oxidation products. There were no essential differences between the effluents before and after the activated sludge treatment. The results indicate the stability of chlorolignins during the bleaching and in particular during the purification. The fingerprint CuO/HPLC and elementa...
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