Abstract
Periodontitis comprises a chronic inflammation that is initiated by microbiota biofilm. If left untreated, periodontitis may lead to permanent tooth loss. Herein, we propose to design and improve a localized form of therapy comprising a chlorhexidine-impregnated hydrogel. Hydrogel films were prepared by varying the ratio between cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) using the crosslinker epichlorohydrin (ECH). The hydrogel was loaded with chlorhexidine. Increasing the CMC ratio led to a reduction in the number of pores, an increase in their size, lower glass transition temperature (Tg), decreased Young's modulus, and increased film stretching and affected the time of release. Bacterial and fungal zones of inhibition showed similar activity and were not affected by the CMC and MCC ratio. Hydrogels loaded with chlorhexidine prevented the growth of S. oralis and C. albicans microorganisms and may provide a promising local delivery system for treating periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is chronic multifactorial inflammatory diseases associated with mixed bacteria that colonize the tooth surface [1]
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA, having an average particle size of 51 μm, and its density is 0.6 g/mL; carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na-CMC) was resourced from Sigma Aldrich (USA) with a molecular weight of 90,000 g/mol; epichlorohydrin (ECH) (1.18 g/mL) with purity ≥ 99% was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); chlorhexidine purity greater than 99.5% CAS number 55-65-1 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ACS reagent with purity of ≥98% pellet was purchased from Sigma Aldrich
Four hydrogel films were successfully produced from CMC and MCC with different ratios in the ECH’s presence as a crosslinker
Summary
Periodontitis is chronic multifactorial inflammatory diseases associated with mixed bacteria that colonize the tooth surface [1]. Examples on drug delivery systems include hydrogel, oleogels, and bigels in which rheological properties are profoundly affected by the type of gel and subsequent adhesion [4], fibers which can be fabricated by several methods such as electrospun nanofibers [5], strips, and films which can be fabricated and tuned in many geometrical dimensions and shapes [6]. It is crucial for health care providers to consider pharmacological agents with conventional periodontal therapy through employing proper delivery systems to achieve best clinical results [7].
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