Abstract
Cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) family was characterized for their expression and functions in Populus trichocarpa. Ten members, PtrCslD1-10, were identified in the P. trichocarpa genome, and they belong to 4 clades by phylogenetic tree analysis. qRT-PCR and promoter:GUS assays in Arabidopsis and P. trichocarpa displayed divergent expression patterns of these 10 PtrCSLD genes in root hairs, root tips, leaves, vascular tissues, xylem and flowers. Among PtrCslD2, PtrCslD4, PtrCslD5, PtrCslD6, and PtrCslD8 that all exhibited expression in root hairs, only PtrCslD5 could restore the root hairless phenotype of the atcsld3 mutant, demonstrating that PtrCslD5 is the functional ortholog of AtCslD3 for root hair formation. Our results suggest more possible functions for other PtrCslD genes in poplar.
Highlights
Root hairs are integral for anchorage, enlarging surface area for absorption of water and nutrients, symbiosis interface between plants and soil biome, and expanding exploited soil area to avoid soil erosion[1,2]
Cellulose synthase A (CesA) family members are responsible for cellulose biosynthesis, while cellulose synthesis like D (CSLD) family members are involved in cellulose deposition in both primary and secondary cell walls[5]
In our studies on Cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) members in P. trichocarpa, only PtrCslD5 could restore the root hairless phenotype of atcsld[3], indicating that PtrCslD5 is the functional ortholog of AtCslD3
Summary
Root hairs are integral for anchorage, enlarging surface area for absorption of water and nutrients, symbiosis interface between plants and soil biome, and expanding exploited soil area to avoid soil erosion[1,2]. AtCslD3 is crucial for the tensile strength of root hair tip cells by deposition of cellulose, and atcsld[3] mutants were unable to maintain homeostasis, and terminated bulge elongation at early stage was observed[14,36]. Retarded growth and arrested cell division due to lack of cellulose deposition in culm and root tips of rice nd[1] mutants (OsCslD4) was observed[37]. We identified 10 CSLD genes (PtrCslD1-10) in P. trichocarpa and investigated their possible functions We studied their expression pattern by qRT-PCR and promoter::GUS staining, and their involvement in root hair formation was investigated by complementation in the Arabidopsis atcsld[3] mutant. We demonstrate the functions of PtrCslD5 in root hair formation and provide preliminary evidence of the involvement of CSLD members in xylem formation
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