Abstract
The design and construction of a tunnel depends on the mechanical properties of the rock mass around the tunnel. Seismic method can be used to characterize the dynamic properties of rocks. The technique is mostly conducted in geophysical surveys and geotechnical investigations. The method utilizes reflected sound waves that can be used to describe the dynamic properties of rocks. Physical properties of carbonate rocks such as water content, density, hardness, permeability, porosity, wave velocity and abrasivity can be assessed and estimated using P-wave velocity. One of the important characteristics in rock is its ability to remain stable. In this research, seismic refraction survey was applied to measure the strength of carbonate rocks for tunnel stability design. The findings revealed that the regression between the primary velocity and the uniaxial compressive strength R2 was 0.8592, indicating that the rock was firm and solid. Observation by physical visual test showed that the rock samples with yellowish-grey and light grey colours were categorized in the weathering grade II and III, respectively. The results have concluded that the rocks in the proposed area met the full requirements for tunnelling construction.
Highlights
The materials composed in an intact rock can be quantified and characterized through physical test or laboratory test
The physical properties of rock materials include water content, density, hardness, permeability, porosity, wave velocity and abrasivity [1, 2] whereas the strength of rock is classified under mechanical properties
Various ground investigations were conducted along the MRT lines during the early phase of construction that consisted of 400 boreholes and geophysical surveys
Summary
The materials composed in an intact rock can be quantified and characterized through physical test or laboratory test. A preliminary ground investigation has to be conducted to get information on the soil profile and condition in the proposed area so that safety measures and precautions can be exercised during the construction period. In this case, various ground investigations were conducted along the MRT lines during the early phase of construction that consisted of 400 boreholes and geophysical surveys. During the preliminary soil sampling, it was noted that the construction area was formed from the merging of Kenny Hills sedimentary rock and KL Limestone formation which was composed of highly endured karst [3]. The rocks at the KL Limestone region consist of uncertain formation of karstic features such as steeply inclined bedrock, cavities, pinnacles and floater which are more challenging that needed extra inspection and procedures [4]
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