Characterization of carbonaceous substances emitted from residential solid fuel combustion using real-world data from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Min Cui,Lin Liu,Yuanyuan Xu,Binbin Yu,Jun Li,Yingjun Chen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155529

Abstract

Residential solid fuel emissions are among the most important sources of carbonaceous substances that exert harmful effects on air quality, human health and climate change. Considering the constantly updated emission reduction policies for residential solid fuel combustion in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, the emission data for the source should updated in a timely manner. Testing was performed on residential solid fuel emissions in the BTH region, China. The emission factors and profiles of carbonaceous substances (including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPAHs), methyl PAHs (MPAHs), and n-alkanes) emitted from residential solid fuels were obtained. The results showed the ranges of emission factors of PM2.5, OC, EC, EPAHs, MPAHs and n-alkanes from residential solid fuel emissions were 1.92-17.6, 0.312-6.85, 0.066-2.33, 0.004-0.58, 0.003-0.87 and 0.009-0.39 g/kg fuel, respectively. The carbon fraction profiles showed that OC1, OC2, and EC1 were the major products of residential solid fuel combustion, and the non-polar organic matter profiles showed that Fluo and MFluo were dominant. The effects of combustion modes, types of stove and types of the fuel on emission characteristics of carbonaceous substances were discussed in detail. The emission factors of carbonaceous substances from the smoldering phase and traditional stove were higher than those from the flaming phase and improved stove, respectively, which was mainly controlled by the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). It was found that the emission factors of pollutants with decreasing MCE values sharply increased, especially when the MCE values were below 90%. Finally, some diagnostic ratios were discussed, and it was determined that residential coal combustion is considered to occur at MPAHs/PAHs higher than 1.5 and MFluo/Fluo higher than 5.

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