Abstract
The physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits influence the consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to perform the physical, physico-chemical and chemical characterization of fruits of accessions of bushy cashew (Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil.) (cashew nut and cashew apple) in a germplasm bank located in southwest of the state of Goiás, in Brazil, aiming at the selection of superior accessions, in order to facilitate the initiation of a program to encourage the production and consumption, for provide information for breeding programs and the specie preservation. This research study was conducted at the Laboratory of genetics and molecular biology with material collected in the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Jataí, within the biological ex situ collection of Anacardium humile, in the field of genetic resources. In the harvest of 2016, within this collection, they were evaluated accesses for the characteristics of the cashew apple: length, diameter of base, apex diameter, weight, instrumental coloration of the epidermis and pulp, titratable acidity (citric acid), vitamin C content (ascorbic acid) and carotenoid content; cashew nut were evaluated: length, width, thickness and weight. The results were submitted to descriptive analysis, obtaining average, minimum, maximum and variation coefficient and the correlation between the variables, testing the significance by the t test. Most of the accesses showed high CV for most of the variables, demonstrating high heterogeneity of the observed values. Cashew apples have high levels of vitamin C and carotenoids, indicating the nutritional potential of the specie.
Highlights
The native fruit crops occupy a prominent place in the Cerrado biome and its fruits have great popular acceptance (Avidos & Ferreira, 2000)
St.-Hil., which is distributed in the different States in which the biome occupies, its fruits are popularly known as ‘cajuzinho-do-campo’, ‘cajuzinho-do-cerrado’ or ‘cajuí’ (Silva-Luz & Pirani, 2010) and it is divided into two parts: the fruit itself, which is popularly known as cashew nut, and cashew apple, technically called floral peduncle, which it is the part sold as fruit (Lima, 1988)
As bushy cashew is recognized as a nutritional reference of great importance for local population, such species became a fruit of high potential for sustainable exploitation of the Cerrado biome, turnning its inclusion in the “crops for large-scale production” an important action, avoiding predatory exploitation and extinction risk (Londe, Ribeiro, Sousa, Kerr, & Bonetti, 2010)
Summary
The native fruit crops occupy a prominent place in the Cerrado biome and its fruits have great popular acceptance (Avidos & Ferreira, 2000). As bushy cashew is recognized as a nutritional reference of great importance for local population, such species became a fruit of high potential for sustainable exploitation of the Cerrado biome, turnning its inclusion in the “crops for large-scale production” an important action, avoiding predatory exploitation and extinction risk (Londe, Ribeiro, Sousa, Kerr, & Bonetti, 2010). Morphological studies of fruits, seeds and chemical characterization of the pulp are frequent for several species. These are generally performed for pre-breeding programs of not domesticated species (Moura, Chaves, & Naves, 2013) and such studies detect the genetic variability between individuals or accesses in a population (Almeida Junior, Chaves, & Soares, 2014)
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