Characterization of Buriram volcanic clay for use in cosmetics

Abstract

This research aims to analyze volcanic clays from four different Buriram sources before and after decontamination to compare their cosmetic grades, as these clays are used as cosmetic ingredients. The volcanic clays were characterized both before and after decontamination using various techniques, namely, x-ray diffraction (XRD), flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (F-AAS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Further, the pH levels were measured using electrical conductivity measurements. Physicochemical characterization was performed by determining the percentage of organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The decontaminated clay showed the lowest percentage of organic matter and a high cation exchange capacity. After the removal of contaminants, the clay exhibited an amorphous structure. In addition, the analyses before and after contaminant removal revealed a decrease in the content of lead, nickel, selenium and copper, which were the heavy metals prohibited in cosmetics. The primary components were SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, K2O, MgO, TiO2, and MnO2 considering the component for cosmetics. Microbiological tests revealed an absence of Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms. These characteristics theoretically indicate that the samples are suitable for use in cosmetics. Moreover, Buriram volcanic clays show low levels of contaminants and can be used as cosmetic ingredients.