Characterization of Biological Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Grown on an Electrospun Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) Scaffold.

Julia K Bar,Piotr G Grelewski,Aleksandra Klimczak,Seongpil An,Maria Paprocka,Anna Lis-Nawara,Joanna Lis,Tomasz Kowalczyk,Sandra Stamnitz

doi:10.3390/ma15051900

Abstract

Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) electrospun scaffolds with seeded stem cells have drawn great interest in tissue engineering. This study investigated the biological behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) grown on a hydrolytically-modified PLCL nanofiber scaffold. The hDPSCs were seeded on PLCL, and their biological features such as viability, proliferation, adhesion, population doubling time, the immunophenotype of hDPSCs and osteogenic differentiation capacity were evaluated on scaffolds. The results showed that the PLCL scaffold significantly supported hDPSC viability/proliferation. The hDPSCs adhesion rate and spreading onto PLCL increased with time of culture. hDPSCs were able to migrate inside the PLCL electrospun scaffold after 7 days of seeding. No differences in morphology and immunophenotype of hDPSCs grown on PLCL and in flasks were observed. The mRNA levels of bone-related genes and their proteins were significantly higher in hDPSCs after osteogenic differentiation on PLCL compared with undifferentiated hDPSCs on PLCL. These results showed that the mechanical properties of a modified PLCL mat provide an appropriate environment that supports hDPSCs attachment, proliferation, migration and their osteogenic differentiation on the PLCL scaffold. The good PLCL biocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells indicates that this mat may be applied in designing a bioactive hDPSCs/PLCL construct for bone tissue engineering.

Highlights

The mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are the main source of cells for bone tissue engineering, but there still exist concerns regarding their osteogenic efficiency [1]
HHoowweevveerr, ffoorr ssuucccceessssffuull ttiissssuuee--ssppeecciifificc rreeggeenneerraattiioonn, iitt iiss iimmppoorrttaanntt ttoo uussee aann aapppprroopprriiaattee ssccaaffffoolldd tthhaatt mmiimmiiccss tthhee eexxttrraacceelllluullaarr mmaattrriixx iinn tthhee nnaattiivvee ttiissssuuee aanndd hheellppss ttoo iinnccrreeaassee tthhee rreeggeenneerraattiivvee ppootteennttiiaallooffththeehhDDPPSCSCs.s.TThhisisstsutduydychcahraarcatectreizreizdedthtehbeioblioogloicgailcaplropproerpteierstioesf human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). It tested whether an electrospun nanofibrous PLCL membrane could be a suitable scaffold for hDPSC adhesion, proliferation, immunophenotype stability and osteogenic differentiation to obtain a bioactive construct for use in tissue engineering
The presented results proved that PLCL was not toxic to dental pulp stem cells and that both components of the PLCL scaffold had a beneficial effect on hDPSC viability [5,6]

Summary

Introduction

Adult bones undergo continuous remodeling through a specific osteoblast/osteoclast interaction. This homeostasis is likely to be disturbed in degenerative disease, after trauma or after surgical procedures causing bone loss [1,2]. Bone tissue engineering strategy combines three essential components such as scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors, and is based on the culture of stem or progenitor cells on scaffolds in order to generate new bone by osteoinductive cues [3,6–9]. The mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are the main source of cells for bone tissue engineering, but there still exist concerns regarding their osteogenic efficiency [1]. The isolation of autologous stem cells from bone marrow is an invasive and painful procedure, so they have limited clinical application for tissue engineering [8,10,11]

Methods

Results

Conclusion