Abstract
This research describes the characterization of bioactive compounds, mineral content, and antioxidant capacity in bean varieties grown in semi-arid conditions in Zacatecas, Mexico. This will provide better progress perspectives for agriculture nationwide and will ensure that bean crops are in the condition to satisfy the population’s nutritional needs by placing it not only as one of the foodstuffs comprising Mexico’s basic diet but also as one of the legumes having greater biofortification potential in Mexico. Eleven bean varieties were collected (flor de mayo, bayo, frijola, patola, navy beans, flor de junio, reata beans, Japanese beans, black beans, canary beans, and pinto Saltillo). The evaluation done included the physical and physico-chemical characteristics, as well as the mineral content, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of these bean varieties. Data gathered were subject to a variance and mean separation analysis. The most remarkable individual results were as follows: Canary beans had the highest iron content (105.29 mg/kg), while bayo beans had the highest zinc concentration (48.18 mg/kg) and reata beans had the highest level of protein (26.88%). The varieties showing the most remarkable results with regard to zinc, iron and protein content and antioxidant capacity were as follows: Flor de junio, flor de mayo, reata beans, navy beans and pinto Saltillo; however, the most remarkable variety in comprehensive terms was flor de junio, which showed a reducing power of 0.20%, an antioxidant capacity of 80.62% inhibition, a protein content of 0.17%, in addition to Ca (0.24%), Fe (90.97 mg/kg), Zn (27.23 mg/kg), fiber (3.22%), energy (353.50 kcal), phenols (94.82 mg gallic acid (GA)/g extract) and flavonoids (1.30 mg mg Cat/g−1 dw). Finally, we came to the conclusion that beans grown in Zacatecas, Mexico, offer a huge benefit to consumers as a result of the mineral, protein, fiber, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity contributions such beans provide. Thus, these beans can be used in a biofortification program using micronutrients to improve their nutritional quality.
Highlights
Micronutrient deficiency in horticultural crops has increased in recent years, resulting in a marked decrease in the quality of people’s diet in almost all the world
The results found in the bean varieties studied match the chromatic model values, given that the canary bean variety, which had a positive b* value, showed a yellowish hue with greenish shades
It shows good levels when it comes to iron (90.97 mg/kg), zinc (27.23 mg/kg), fiber (3.22%), energy (353.50 kcal), calcium (0.24%) and phosphorus (0.17%). Due to their concentration of minerals, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, these varieties have been considered for inclusion in a Mexico-based biofortification program using micronutrients aimed at counteracting malnutrition and promoting food security nationwide and in the international arena
Summary
Micronutrient deficiency in horticultural crops has increased in recent years, resulting in a marked decrease in the quality of people’s diet in almost all the world. Vegetable origin products are being considered as foodstuffs having a high nutraceutical potential One such product is beans, an important legume around the world in terms of human consumption. Given that beans are readily available, have a relatively low price and are associated with cultural tradition, they have been classified as one of the pillars supporting ancient gastronomic culture and as an indispensable product forming part of the consumer basket. This legume incorporates certain characteristics that help complete a nutrition table [5]. Beans protect the body against the action of free radicals by slowing down the aging process and fighting cell degeneration and cell death [7]
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