Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for the management of lignocellulosic wastes for which it has been frequently employed. However, HTC is also suitable to treat non-lignocellulosic wastes such as seafood wastes. In this study, HTC of fish and shrimp wastes were carried out using microwave and conventional reactors. The resulting end product fractions were solid hydrochar and the liquid biocrude liquor. Bio-oil was extracted by leaching the hydrochar in acetone, and bio-crude liquor was subjected to dichloromethane extraction. Subsequently, these extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The biocrude liquor was found to be composed primarily of heterocyclic nitrogen containing compounds such as diketopiperazines and pyrazines. As for the bio-oil extracted from the hydrochar, fatty acids and sterols formed the major fractions. Taken together, HTC produces commercially attractive components in the liquid phase in addition to the solid hydrochar, and thus, could have multifaceted benefits and applications.
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