Abstract
Protecting the environment from all types of pollution is a key issue, especially air pollution in particular, because of that, the ecosystem as a whole is under threat. Sudan is one of the vast African countries, covering an area of about one million square miles, and suffering from air pollution. One of the causes of this pollution is the large number of cars and factories that use gasoline. Car exhausts and factory nozzles emit kinds of gases such as carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur and other gases that contribute to air pollution. Due to the large volume of use of gasoline in cars and factories, the low quality of purification and treatment leads to the production of gases that are extremely harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and determine the components of benzene used in Sudan. The technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used to characterize the benzene samples taken from different regions, and the results showed that they contain carbon and hydrogen that are the main component of benzene, in addition many elements harmful to the environment such as (Pb, Hg and Zn), which can cause cancer diseases, and can also cause great harms to animals, plants and soil.
Highlights
Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958
The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is based upon the analysis of the atomic emission generated close to the surface sample
The emission is observed once a laser pulse is focused on the sample surface, where the very high field intensity initiates an avalanche ionization of the sample elements, giving rise to the so-called breakdown effect, the formation of the plasma Occur when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material [3, 4]
Summary
Military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. Laser analysis based on optical detection method is called laser spectroscopy. The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is based upon the analysis of the atomic emission generated close to the surface sample. The emission is observed once a laser pulse is focused on the sample surface, where the very high field intensity initiates an avalanche ionization of the sample elements, giving rise to the so-called breakdown effect, the formation of the plasma Occur when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material [3, 4]
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