Abstract
Bacterial enteritis is the most important disease in lamb for breeding greatly affects the growth of animals. Changes in the community of intestinal flora can cause the disorder of the colonic environment induced diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacterial enteritis and the number of intestinal microbiome, then the prevalence of drug-resistant genes was detected. Fecal samples were collected at five fattening sheep farms with different incidence of bacterial enteritis, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified, drug sensitivity tests were performed. Then, changes in number and structure of intestinal flora were compared by 16S rDNA V3-V4 region high-throughput sequencing, and the ARGs were detected using high-throughput real-time PCR. Our results revealed that the microbial communities were positively correlated with the incidence of bacterial enteritis in different farms. Bacterial communities were higher in YJ (with highest incidence of diarrhea) than any other farms. However, the ARGs seemed not to be more affected by the incidence of bacterial enteritis, but one of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that MCR-1 and NDM are detected in manure. This study has provided an insight of the changes occurring in intestinal flora and AGRs in fattening sheep farms with diverse incidence of bacterial enteritis.
Highlights
Bacterial enteritis inlamb are a serious disorder affecting its weight gain resulting into economic losses, especially young sheep and goat are strongly affected by this condition leading to death due to malnutrition and dehydration, the costs associated with bacterial enteritis, including deaths, lost productivity and treatment, have been estimated at $10–29 million annually[1,2,3]
Bacterial enteritis was monitored in five fattening sheep farms (CC, BC, GZL, CL, and YJ) with different management levels and there are 500 sheep were monitored in each fattening sheep farm
This study reveals bacterial changes and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in five fattening sheep farms with a different incidence of bacterial enteritis
Summary
Bacterial enteritis inlamb are a serious disorder affecting its weight gain resulting into economic losses, especially young sheep and goat are strongly affected by this condition leading to death due to malnutrition and dehydration, the costs associated with bacterial enteritis, including deaths, lost productivity and treatment, have been estimated at $10–29 million annually[1,2,3]. The intestinal microbiome has important effects on the host has revolutionized thinking about disease and health[5,6]. Recently some study has been able to explore the role of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease of broiler and pig, and there is growing evidence that FMT is an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, but little guidance exists of sheep of FMT programs. Diarrhoeal diseases have caused damage to meat sheep farming of Jilin provincs of China, but given the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, traditional drug therapy destroys intestinal flora, and causes the spread of drug-resistant genes. Www.nature.com/scientificreports the incidence of bacterial enteritis and the intestinal microbiome, the prevalence of drug-resistant genes was detected, to help guide future FMT program implementation, and assess the risk of drug resistance
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