Abstract

BackgroundB-box (BBX) proteins play important roles in plant growth regulation and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.ResultsIn the present study we retrieved total 131 BBX members from five Poaceae species including 36 from maize, 30 from rice, 24 from sorghum, 22 from stiff brome, and 19 from Millet. All the BBX genes were grouped into five subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. The expression profiles of 12 OsBBX genes in different tissues were evaluated through qRT-PCR, and we found that most rice BBX members showed high expression level in the heading stage compared to seedling and booting stages. The expression of OsBBX1, OsBBX2, OsBBX8, OsBBX19, and OsBBX24 was strongly induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and salt stresses. Furthermore, the expression of OsBBX2, OsBBX7, OsBBX17, OsBBX19, and OsBBX24 genes was up-regulated under GA, SA and MeJA hormones at different time points. Similarly, the transcripts level of OsBBX1, OsBBX7, OsBBX8, OsBBX17, and OsBBX19 genes were significantly affected by heavy metals such as Fe, Ni, Cr and Cd.ConclusionChange in the expression pattern of BBX members in response to abiotic, hormone and heavy metal stresses signifies their potential roles in plant growth and development and in response to multivariate stresses. The findings suggest that BBX genes could be used as potential genetic markers for the plants, particularly in functional analysis and determining their roles under multivariate stresses.

Highlights

  • B-box (BBX) proteins play important roles in plant growth regulation and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses

  • Identification, Classification, and Annotation of B-box proteins (BBXs) Family Members The Arabidopsis BBX genes were used as quarries sequences against the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) algorithm [27] to retrieve and characterize the BBX gene family members in five Poaceae species

  • The potential domains of BBX gene family were confirmed through the conserved domain database, Pfam and SMART databases and structural integrity of these domains were drawn by Web Logo and EXPASY-PROSITE

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Summary

Introduction

B-box (BBX) proteins play important roles in plant growth regulation and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Zinc finger transcription factors (TFs) are one of the most important families in plants. They regulate different plant growth and development processes. Zinc finger TFs are classified into several subfamilies based on the structural and functional features of their individual members. Two B-box conserved domains are recognized on their consensus sequence and the distance between the zinc-binding residues [1]. The highly conserved CCT domain is comprised of 42-43 amino acids and is important for the regulation of functional transcription and nuclear protein transport [4]

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