Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is causing high morbidity and mortality burden worldwide with unprecedented strain on health care systems. To investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome we performed a study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. As comparison we also investigated the time course of the antibody response in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. Study results show that patients produce a strong antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 with high correlation between different viral antigens (spike protein and nucleoprotein) and among antibody classes (IgA, IgG, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies). The antibody peak is reached by 3 weeks from hospital admission followed by a sharp decrease. No difference was observed in any parameter of the antibody classes, including neutralizing antibodies, between subjects who recovered or with fatal outcome. Only few asymptomatic subjects developed antibodies at detectable levels.
Highlights
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director General declared a pandemic situation due to a novel coronavirus causing a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) rapidly spreading worldwide [1]
We present here a study performed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to investigate the time course of the antibody response in relation to the outcome, and as explorative comparison, to investigate the time course of the antibody response in SARSCoV-2 asymptomatic subjects
In this study we primarily evaluated the time course of the antibody response to different antigens of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against S1, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against NP, and neutralizing antibodies) in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital for interstitial pneumonia during the first epidemic wave in March and April 2020 in Italy
Summary
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director General declared a pandemic situation due to a novel coronavirus causing a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) rapidly spreading worldwide [1]. The novel coronavirus (CoV) SARS-CoV-2 has been firstly identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019 when a cluster of atypical pneumonia occurred [1, 2]. In January 2020, SARS-CoV-2 was isolated and sequenced as a CoV genetically related to the highly pathogenic CoV (SARS-CoV-1) responsible for the 2003 SARS epidemic that spread mainly in Asia with approximately 10% case fatality rate (CFR) [3]. Since 2004 SARS-CoV-1 circulation in humans ended whereas a third highly pathogenic CoV emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia causing the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [2, 4,5,6,7]. Since MERS-CoV has spread to 27 countries with limited human-to-human
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