Abstract
Rare actinomycete genera are accepted as a promising source of novel metabolites having pharmaceutical importance. One such genus of rare actinomycete is Nonomuraea. The present study was aimed at characterizing the antibiotic producing Nonomuraea strain JAJ18 which was previously isolated from coastal solar saltern. Strain JAJ18 was recognized as a member of genus Nonomuraea based on its almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic characteristics. The strain JAJ18 was found to be closely related to Nonomuraea maheshkhaliensis 16-5-14T (98.90%), Nonomuraea candida HMC10T (98.58%), and Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.43%). From cell-free culture broth of strain JAJ18, an antibiotic was extracted and purified by silica column chromatography. The obtained antibiotic was found to be active against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including drug-resistant Staphylococcus, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 16.0 µg mL−1. The structural characteristics of antibiotic were determined by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The antibiotic was identified to be an aliphatic rich compound with significant dissimilarity to known antibiotics reported from members of the genus, Nonomuraea. As the trends to discover novel metabolites from Nonomuraea are vibrant, further studies are needed to understand the structural and biotechnological significance of antibiotic compound produced by Nonomuraea sp. JAJ18.
Highlights
Enduring infectious diseases and rapidly mounting antibiotic resistance have intensified the search for new antibiotics in order to maintain a pool of effective antibiotics against the pathogenic microorganisms
On the basis of detailed polyphasic taxonomical analysis, the genus currently (November 2014) comprises around 36 species and 2 subspecies. The members of this genus have been isolated from various soil and plant samples including mangrove rhizosphere mud [7], cave soil [8], arid soil [9], acidic soil [10], coastal sediments [11], and medicinal plants [12]
The bacterial test strains, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) 441, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC 109, Salmonella typhi MTCC 733, and Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426, used in this study for antimicrobial assays were cultured in Mueller Hinton agar slants
Summary
Enduring infectious diseases and rapidly mounting antibiotic resistance have intensified the search for new antibiotics in order to maintain a pool of effective antibiotics against the pathogenic microorganisms. The rare actinomycetes that are often very difficult to isolate and cultivate might represent a unique source of novel biologically active compounds [3] Some genera of this group are Actinomadura, Actinoalloteichus, Actinoplanes, Amycolatopsis, Actinokineospora, Acrocarpospora, Actinosynnema, Catenuloplanes, Cryptospo -rangium, Dactylosporangium, Kibdelosporangium, Kineosporia, Kutzneria, Microbispora, Microtetraspora, Nocardia, Nonomuraea, Planomonospora, Planobispora, Pseudonocardia, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Saccharothrix, Salinispora, Streptosporangium, Spirilliplanes, Thermomonospora, Thermobifida, and Virgosporangium [4]. On the basis of detailed polyphasic taxonomical analysis, the genus currently (November 2014) comprises around 36 species and 2 subspecies (http://www.bacterio.net/nonomuraea.html#maheshkhaliensis). The members of this genus have been isolated from various soil and plant samples including mangrove rhizosphere mud [7], cave soil [8], arid soil [9], acidic soil [10], coastal sediments [11], and medicinal plants [12].
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