Abstract
The flower colors of 15 cultivars and a line in Japanese garden iris, Iris ensata Thunb. were examined by CIELAB scatter diagram. The cultivars classified as anthocyanin types, malvidin 3RGac5G-petunidin 3RGac5G, malvidin 3RG5G-petunidin 3RG5G and peonidin 3RGac5G showed color distribution from purple to red-purple, while the cultivar and line in peonidin 3RG5G and peonidin 3RG5G-cyanidin 3RG5G types were purplish red to red. This indicates that cyanidin 3RG5G and peonidin 3RG5G are good anthocyanin source for the breeding of red flower color. The anthocyanins of 83 cultivars, 13 lines and 5 wild forms of I. ensata were analyzed by HPLC, and these plants were classified into 17 types of major anthocyanins. Among these, 7 new types, delphinidin 3RGac5G-delphinidin 3RG, delphinidin 3RG-petunidin 3RGac5G, petunidin 3G-delphinidin 3G, petunidin 3RGac, peonidin 3RG5G, cyanidin 3RG5G and malvidin 3RGac5G-peonidin 3RGac5G-petunidin 3RGac5G were detected, and a novel anthocyanin source of red flower, cyanidin 3RG5G was obtained for the first time.
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