Abstract
thin-film anode deposited under of and room temperature by pulsed laser deposition has been characterized by electrochemical tests and physical analyses. A retainable capacity as high as with only 10.4% of initial irreversible capacity loss was achieved, corresponding to more than 7 lithium ions intercalated per formula unit. The linear dependence of peak current on the square root of scan rates by cyclic voltammogram (CV) gave an apparent diffusion coefficient of . Alternating current (ac) impedance revealed a small charge transfer resistance of at , indicating that lithium ion is easily inserted in and extracted from the as-deposited film anode. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on the as-deposited and lithiated films confirmed that vanadium cations were reduced to some extent with the lithium intercalation. The cathodic peaks at 1.71 and with a shoulder around in CV scans may correspond to the different reduction processes of vanadium. The as-deposited film was mainly amorphous and smooth, with a surface roughness of only . The lithiated film remained amorphous and had only a minor change in surface topography.
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