Abstract
BackgroundAlphasatellites are single-stranded molecules that are associated with monopartite begomovirus/betasatellite complexes.ResultsAlphasatellites were identified in begomovirus-infected plant samples in Yunnan, China. All samples that contained alphasatellites also contained betasatellites, but only some samples that contained betasatellites contained alphasatellites. Thirty-three alphasatellites were sequenced, and they ranged from 1360 to 1376 nucleotides. All alphasatellites contain 3 conserved features: a single open reading frame (Rep), a conserved hairpin structure, and an adenine-rich (A-rich) region. On the basis of the phylogenetic tree of the complete nucleotide sequences, the alphasatellites were divided into 3 types with one exception. Type 1 was associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV)/Tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB) complex. Type 2 was associated with Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV)/Tobacco curly shoot betasatellite (TbCSB) complex. Type 3 was associated with TbCSV/Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AYVB) complex. Within each type, nucleotide sequence identity ranged from 83.4 to 99.7%, while 63.4-81.3% identity was found between types. Mixed infections of alphasatellites associated with begomovirus/betasatellite complexes were documented.ConclusionsOur results validate that alphasatellites are only associated with begomovirus/betasatellite complexes. Thirty-three sequenced alphasatellites isolated from Yunnan Province, China were divided into 3 types--each associated with a specific begomovirus/betasatellite complex. Mix-infections of alphasatellite molecules may not be unusual.
Highlights
Alphasatellites are single-stranded molecules that are associated with monopartite begomovirus/ betasatellite complexes
Alphasatellites were identified from tobacco, tomato, ageratum, and malvastrum plants infected by Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV), Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), TbCSV + TYLCCNV, TbCSV + Tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus (TbLCYNV), TYLCCNV + Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), TbCSV + Malvastrum yellow vein virus (MYVV), and
Alphasatellites were not found in tomato plants infected by TYLCTHV, tobacco plants infected by TbLCYNV, malvastrum plants infected by MYVV or Malvastrum yellow vein Yunnan virus (MYVYNV), or squash plants infected by Squash leaf curl Yunnan virus (SLCYNV) (Table 1)
Summary
Alphasatellites are single-stranded molecules that are associated with monopartite begomovirus/ betasatellite complexes. Geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses characterized by their geminate shape and the size of their particles, which encapsidate a circular single-stranded DNA genome. Due to their wide host range and high frequency of genome variation, geminiviruses cause substantial yield losses in many crops, including tomato, cassava, and cotton, throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide [1,2]. Most begomoviruses have 2 components, which are referred to as DNA-A and DNA-B, both are Alphasatellites (formerly DNA1) are circular, singlestranded DNA molecules associated with begomovirus/ betasatellite complexes [11,12,13,14,15]. Alphasatellites are capable of self-replication in host plants, but require helper begomoviruses for movement in plants as well as insect transmission
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