Abstract
Airborne backscatter lidar at 532 nm and in-situ measurements of black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide excess above background (ΔCO), and aerosol size distribution were carried out over Siberia in July 2013 and June 2017 in order to sample several kinds of aerosol sources. Aerosol types are derived using the Lagrangian FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) simulations and satellite observations. Six aerosol types could be identified in this work: (i) dusty aerosol mixture, (ii) Ob valley gas flaring emission, (iii) fresh forest fire, (iv) aged forest fire, (v) urban emissions over the Tomsk/Novosibirsk region (vi) long range transport of Northern China urban emission. The altitude range of aerosol layers is discussed for each aerosol type, showing transport above the boundary layer for long range transport of Northern China emissions or fresh forest fire. Comparisons of aerosol optical properties, BC and ΔCO are made between aged and fresh plumes for both the urban and forest fire emissions. An increase of aerosol optical depth at 532 nm (AOD532), aerosol particle size and ΔCO is found for aged forest fire plumes. Similar results are obtained when comparing the aged urban plume from Northern China with fresh urban emissions from Siberian cities. A flight above gas flaring emissions corresponds to the largest AOD532 and provides a possible range of 50–60 sr for the lidar ratio of these aerosol plumes often encountered in Siberia. Black carbon concentrations are relatively higher for the flaring plume (0.4–0.5 μμg.m−3) than for the urban plume (0.2 μμg.m−3). The largest BC concentrations are found for the fresh forest fire plume. The aerosol type identification and AOD532 provided by CALIOP Version 4.2 data products in air masses with similar origin generally agree with the results obtained from our detailed analysis of the aerosol plume origins.
Highlights
IntroductionAtmospheric aerosols play a very important role in many meteorological, radiative and chemical processes taking place in the atmosphere such as cloud formation, scattering and absorption of incident solar (short-wave) and thermal (long-wave) radiation from the Earth, as well as affect the air quality [1]
Atmospheric aerosols play a very important role in many meteorological, radiative and chemical processes taking place in the atmosphere such as cloud formation, scattering and absorption of incident solar and thermal radiation from the Earth, as well as affect the air quality [1]
The aircraft data analysis described in this paper for the campaigns conducted in Russia will focus on the characterization and comparison of different aerosol sources and how they impact the vertical distribution and age of the aerosol content, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the concentrations of tracers such as CO or black carbon (BC)
Summary
Atmospheric aerosols play a very important role in many meteorological, radiative and chemical processes taking place in the atmosphere such as cloud formation, scattering and absorption of incident solar (short-wave) and thermal (long-wave) radiation from the Earth, as well as affect the air quality [1]. Aerosol type seasonal variability and sources in Siberia derived by [13] showed that 56% of the detected aerosol layers are linked to natural emissions (vegetation, forest fires and dust) and 44% to anthropogenic emissions (one-third from flaring and two-thirds from urban emissions). Since these results are mainly related to observations near the Siberian cities, airborne lidar measurements at the regional scale are needed to get a better insight in sources and transport of aerosols in Russia. The aircraft data analysis described in this paper for the campaigns conducted in Russia will focus on the characterization and comparison of different aerosol sources and how they impact the vertical distribution and age of the aerosol content, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the concentrations of tracers such as CO or black carbon (BC)
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