Abstract
ABSTRACT In laboratory-based bioaerosol researches, the ability to reliably generate bioaerosols with minimal damage to the microorganisms is critical. In this work, a thermally consistent inkjet-based aerosol generation technique was adopted to generate bioaerosols, and its ability to preserve microbial survivability was assessed. The performance of the piezoelectric inkjet aerosol generator was evaluated using a potassium sodium tartrate solution and an aqueous suspension of 3-µm polystyrene latex spheres. An Aerodynamic Particle Sizer was employed to measure the aerosol number concentration and the size distribution. The main operating parameters of the inkjet print head for generating viable aerosols were the driving voltage, pulse duration, dispersion air flow, pulse frequency, and volume fraction of the solids in the nebulizing liquid. In the bioaerosol survivability experiments, yeast was used as the test microorganism. The nebulized yeast cells were sampled at different distances from the outlet of the inkjet aerosol generator and thus exposed to varying degrees of relative humidity for different residence times. Three bioaerosol samplers, namely, a BioSampler, a gelatin filter cassette, and a Marple cascade impactor with Mylar film, were used to collect the airborne yeast samples. Yeast survivability was determined by methylene blue viability staining. This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility and the advantages of using a piezoelectric inkjet print head to generate viable aerosols. Applying a square wave with appropriate combinations of voltage and pulse duration enabled the inkjet system to produce a liquid with rheological properties similar to those of water, and the particle generation rate was manipulated by adjusting the pulse frequency. Moreover, dispersion air was required to reduce coagulation. Although the number of droplets containing PSL spheres increased with the volume fraction of the spheres (Fv), a high Fv also reduced the probability of singlets forming.
Highlights
Airborne infectious agents have received much more attention after the epidemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and airborne infectious diseases like influenza and tuberculosis are still critical issues to public health
This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility and the advantages of using a piezoelectric inkjet print head to generate viable aerosols
Applying a square wave with appropriate combinations of voltage and pulse duration enabled the inkjet system to produce a liquid with rheological properties similar to those of water, and the particle generation rate was manipulated by adjusting the pulse frequency
Summary
Airborne infectious agents have received much more attention after the epidemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and airborne infectious diseases like influenza and tuberculosis are still critical issues to public health. From the viewpoint of infection control, Two nebulization methods, the pneumatic technique and ultrasonic technique, are often applied to generate droplet aerosols in a variety of research settings and applications. Based on the principle of pneumatic nebulization, the Collison nebulizer is probably the most commonly used bioaerosol generator in bioaerosol research The quality of the bioaerosols generated by the Collision nebulizer has been questioned since the high-speed jet flow and solid wall impingement may exert a strong stress on microbial cells. Microbial viability can be affected by frequent recirculation of the cell suspension and the concentration of suspension under prolonged nebulization can be changed due to the evaporation of the solvent (May, 1973)
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