Abstract
Recently, bat adenoviruses (BtAdVs) of genus Mastadenovirus have been isolated from various bat species, some of them displaying a wide host range in cell culture. In this study, we isolated two BtAdVs from Japanese wild microbats. While one isolate was classified as Bat mastadenovirus A, the other was phylogenetically independent of other BtAdVs. It was rather related to, but serologically different from, canine adenoviruses. We propose that the latter, isolated from Asian parti-colored bat, should be assigned to a novel species of Bat mastadenovirus. Both isolates replicated in various mammalian cell lines, implying their wide cell tropism. To gain insight into cell tropism of these BtAdVs, we investigated the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) for virus entry to the cells. We prepared CXADR-knockout canine kidney cells and found that replication of BtAdVs was significantly hampered in these cells. For confirmation, their replication in canine CXADR-addback cells was rescued to the levels with the original cells. We also found that viral replication was corrected in human or bat CXADR-transduced cells to similar levels as in canine CXADR-addback cells. These results suggest that BtAdVs were able to use several mammalian-derived CXADRs as entry factors.
Highlights
Adenovirus (AdV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, and is divided into five genera: Mastadenovirus, Atadenovirus, Ichtadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Aviadenovirus
bat adenoviruses (BtAdVs) have been isolated from various species of microbats and macrobats across the world, and some showed a wide host range in cell culture, suggesting their potential for interspecies transmission[10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
Relative copy number (% to wild type) one isolate proposed to be assigned to a novel species of Bat mastadenovirus
Summary
Adenovirus (AdV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus, and is divided into five genera: Mastadenovirus, Atadenovirus, Ichtadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Aviadenovirus. Cross-species transmissions of viruses in Mastadenovirus even among primates including humans have been reported[3,4,5]. Seven species of BtAdVs (namely Bat mastadenovirus A to G) have been registered by the ICTV, and are divided into three groups depending on the host family classification; group 1 viruses of Bat mastadenovirus A, B, and G isolated from Vespertilionidae bats, group 2 of Bat mastadenovirus C www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Several reports suggest that BtAdVs have a broad host range in cell culture[10,12,14]. We examined whether bat- and other-derived CXADRs could be involved in the entry for BtAdV infection
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