Abstract
A new porcine parvovirus (PPV), provisionally designated as PPV5, was identified in U.S. pigs. Cloning and sequencing from a circular or head-to-tail concatemeric array revealed that the PPV5 possesses the typical genomic organization of parvoviruses with two major predicted open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), and is most closely related to PPV4 with overall genomic identities of 64.1–67.3%. The amino acid identities between PPV5 and PPV4 were 84.6%–85.1% for ORF1 and 54.0%–54.3% for ORF2. Unlike PPV4, but similar to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2), PPV5 lacks the additional ORF3 and has a much longer ORF2. Moreover, the amino acid sequences of ORF1 and ORF2 of BPV2 showed higher homologies to PPV5 than to PPV4. The conserved motifs of the Ca2+ binding loop (YXGXG) and the catalytic center (HDXXY) of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were identified in VP1 (ORF2) of PPV5, as well as in BPV2, but were not present in PPV4. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PPV5, PPV4 and BPV2 form a separate clade different from the genera Parvovirus and Bocavirus. Further epidemiologic investigations of PPV4 and PPV5 in U.S. pigs of different ages indicated a slightly higher prevalence for PPV5 (6.6%; 32/483) compared to PPV4 (4.1%; 20/483), with detection of concurrent PPV4 and PPV5 in 15.6% (7/45) of lungs of infected pigs. Evidence for potential vertical transmission or association with reproductive failure was minimal for both PPV4 and PPV5. The high similarity to PPV4 and the lack of ORF3 may suggest PPV5 is an intermediate of PPV4 during the evolution of parvoviruses in pigs.
Highlights
Parvoviruses are ubiquitous and are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in animals, including reproductive failure, enteritis, panleukopenia, hepatitis, erythrocyte aplasia, immune complex-mediated vasculitis, and cerebellar ataxia [1,2]
Detailed genomic characterization at the nucleotide and amino acid levels during the present study revealed that the PPV5 possesses two predicated open reading frames (ORFs), similar to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) but different from PPV4, and that the conserved motifs of the Ca2+ binding loop (YXGXG) and the HDXXY in the catalytic center of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are present in the capsid protein (VP1) of PPV5 but are lacking in PPV4
The obtained sequences all had a length of 704 nucleotides, and these sequences were compared with nine published PPV4 sequences, which included two from the U.S (GQ387499 and GQ387500) and seven from China (GU978965, GU978964, GU978966, GU978967, GU978968, HM031135 and HM031134)
Summary
Parvoviruses are ubiquitous and are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in animals, including reproductive failure, enteritis, panleukopenia, hepatitis, erythrocyte aplasia, immune complex-mediated vasculitis, and cerebellar ataxia [1,2]. The subfamily Parvovirinae can be further divided into five genera: Parvovirus, Erythrovirus, Dependovirus, Amdovirus and Bocavirus [2]. Parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses, with a genome size of approximately 4–6.3 kb that contain terminal palindromic sequences [2]. An additional ORF3 is located in the middle of the viral genome among Bocavirus members [2,3]. With the recent advent and use of better molecular assays and pathogen discovery tools, several novel members of the subfamily Parvovirinae have been discovered [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
