Abstract
For the purposes of this study, hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3–TiO2 nanobiomaterial with significant surface properties and biocompatibility capable of forming surface apatite was fabricated by cold-press and sintering method. Samples were examined for hardness and porosity. The results showed that in terms of hardness and porosity, sample A (50 wt% TiO2–30 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3) was superior to sample B (30 wt% TiO2–50 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3), and also the density of nanobiomaterial was close to natural bone density. Bioactivity of the samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated. Then, after immersing the samples in SBF solution for a period of 7 days, sample B exhibited greater ability to form calcium phosphate compounds on the surface as compared to sample A. In addition, in vitro studies showed that MG-67 osteoblast-like cells attached and spread on the samples surface. The results showed that cells proliferated in greater numbers on the sample B as compared to the sample A. Finally, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were performed to identify phases, study microstructure, and determine percentage of elements, respectively. The results revealed that considering their different properties, both nanobiomaterials can be used in medical applications.
Highlights
Development of new biomaterials for medical applications is of primary concern to researchers
For the purposes of this study, hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3–TiO2 nanobiomaterial with significant surface properties and biocompatibility capable of forming surface apatite was fabricated by cold-press and sintering method
The results showed that in terms of hardness and porosity, sample A (50 wt% TiO2–30 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3) was superior to sample B (30 wt% TiO2–50 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3), and the density of nanobiomaterial was close to natural bone density
Summary
Development of new biomaterials for medical applications is of primary concern to researchers. Various synthetic materials including composites as a bone substitute have been developed to overcome problems associated with bone defect repair (Lee and Shin 2007; Sivakumar and Panduranga Rao 2002; Uemura et al 2003; Yoneda et al 2005; Nezafati et al 2013). In many fractures and bone defects, substitute materials or fillers are required to repair bone tissue. A material with chemical and mechanical properties as bone cannot singularly be found, biomedical composites are often designed to provide good biocompatibility and mechanical behavior (Chen et al 2004; Scholz et al 2011; Cao et al 2011; Rath et al 2012). HA is a biocompatible ceramic used in orthopedic and dental implant applications with very similar chemical compositions to the mineral part of bone and tooth and can establish a good bond with bone tissue. Application of HA due to low toughness and weak bending
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