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Abstract
BackgroundEnterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen which is responsible for serious nosocomial infections. A gene which plays an important role in resistance to carbapenems is the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1). Currently, the spread of NDM-1-producing E. cloacae strains is a serious public threat.MethodsA multidrug-resistant E. cloacae ssp. dissolvens strain CBG15936 was recovered in 2017 in Guangzhou, China. PCR, S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Southern blotting were performed to locate the blaNDM–1 gene. Susceptibility testing and conjugation experiments were also performed. Illumina HiSeq and Nanopore sequencers were used to perform whole-genome sequencing.ResultsStrain CBG15936 belongs to ST932 and is resistant to carbapenems. The blaNDM–1 gene was found on a ∼62-kb plasmid, which has a conjugation frequency of 1.68 × 10–3 events per donor cell. Genome sequencing and analysis revealed that the NDM-1-carrying IncN1 plasmid contained a new transposon Tn6696, which consists of an intact qnrS1-carrying Tn6292 element, an inverted 8.3-kb Tn3000 remnant, ISkpn19, ΔtnpA, and IS26.ConclusionA new transposon, Tn6696, has been detected on a blaNDM–1-carrying plasmid recovered from multidrug-resistant E. cloacae ssp. dissolvens CBG15936 from China. This finding provides a new perspective regarding the potential for blaNDM–1 to undergo horizontal transfer among drug-resistant bacteria.
Highlights
Enterobacter cloacae is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae
Strain CBG15936 was identified as E. cloacae using Vitek and 16S rRNA and further classified as E. cloacae ssp. dissolvens based on hsp60 genotyping (Figure 1)
S1-Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and conjugation assays revealed that transfer of the plasmid carrying the blaNDM−1, qnrS1, and dfrA14 genes from strain CBG15936 to E. coli J53 occurs at a frequency of 1.68 × 10−3 events per donor cell (Figure 2)
Summary
Enterobacter cloacae is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae. With the extensive use of antibiotics, carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae have become an important nosocomial pathogen. Carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae isolates have been reported worldwide (Davin-Regli and Pagès, 2015). New Delhi metalloβ-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) was first detected in a Swedish patient transferred from India, and it plays a major role in the appearance and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant gramnegative bacteria (Yong et al, 2009; Jamal et al, 2013). In the southwest region of China, 132 carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae isolates were obtained from patients between 2012 and 2016. Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen which is responsible for serious nosocomial infections. A gene which plays an important role in resistance to carbapenems is the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1). The spread of NDM-1-producing E. cloacae strains is a serious public threat
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