Abstract
Background: We have characterized a new reconstructed full-thickness skin model, T-Skin™, compared to normal human skin (NHS) and evaluated its use in testing anti-aging compounds. Methods: The structure and layer-specific markers were compared with NHS using histological and immunohistological staining. In anti-aging experiments, T-SkinTM was exposed to retinol (10 µM) or vitamin C (200 µM) for 5 days, followed by immunohistological staining evaluation. Results: T-Skin™ exhibits a well stratified, differentiated and self-renewing epidermis with a dermal compartment of functional fibroblasts. Epidermal (cytokeratin 10, transglutaminase 1), dermo–epidermal junction (DEJ) (laminin 5, collagen-IV, collagen VII) and dermally-located (fibrillin 1, procollagen I) biomarkers were similar to those in NHS. Treatment of T-Skin™ with retinol decreased the expression of differentiation markers, cytokeratin 10 and transglutaminase 1 and increased the proliferation marker, Ki67, in epidermis basal-layer cells. Vitamin C increased the expression of DEJ components, collagen IV and VII and dermal procollagen 1. Conclusions: T-Skin™ exhibits structural and biomarker location characteristics similar to NHS. Responses of T-Skin™ to retinol and vitamin C treatment were consistent with those of their known anti-aging effects. T-Skin™ is a promising model to investigate responses of epidermal, DEJ and dermal regions to new skin anti-ageing compounds.
Highlights
Technological advances in simplified in vitro models representing in vivo organs or systems have enabled more complex target systems to be investigated experimentally and related responses to be predicted more accurately
Two other full-thickness models, PhenionFT and EpidermFT, have been used for different applications, including: environmental and age-dependent effects [12,13,14]; skin penetration [15,16]; ultraviolet (UV) irradiation effects [17,18,19]; skin metabolism [20]; genotoxicity [21,22]; wound healing [23,24,25]; disease mechanisms [26] and skin sensitization [27].Using the technology initially developed for research purposes [28], we have adapted the process for mass production of a new full thickness skin model, namely T-SkinTM (“T” refers to “total”, formerly RealSkin), according to ISO9001 standards to achieve reproducibility
To support the implementation of T-SkinTM, we present a comprehensive characterization of the T-SkinTM epidermal and dermal compartments
Summary
Technological advances in simplified in vitro models representing in vivo organs or systems have enabled more complex target systems to be investigated experimentally and related responses to be predicted more accurately. Two other full-thickness models, PhenionFT and EpidermFT, have been used for different applications, including: environmental and age-dependent effects [12,13,14]; skin penetration [15,16]; ultraviolet (UV) irradiation effects [17,18,19]; skin metabolism [20]; genotoxicity [21,22]; wound healing [23,24,25]; disease mechanisms [26] and skin sensitization [27].Using the technology initially developed for research purposes [28], we have adapted the process for mass production of a new full thickness skin model, namely T-SkinTM (“T” refers to “total”, formerly RealSkin), according to ISO9001 standards to achieve reproducibility. Full thickness models have an added value in assessing the efficacy of anti-aging ingredients and finished products, which can act on the upper layers of the skin (epidermis) but target the dermis
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