Abstract
A new isolate of Bean yellow mosaic virus of group-IV associated with leaf mosaic and flower color breaking symptoms of gladiolus has been characterized based on virus transmission, symptomatology, presence of flexuous rod-shaped particles of 720 nm × 11 nm, Western blot-immunoassay using BYMV antiserum and sequence analysis of full length viral genome (accession number: KM114059, CK-GL2 isolate). The CK-GL2 isolate shared 90-96% nucleotide identity with known BYMV isolates and showed close phylogenetic relationships with phylogenetic group IV isolates of BYMV. Recombination analysis showed eight recombination events in the genome of CK-GL2 isolate and suggested that 80% of the genome was recombinant of six different parental phylogenetic groups of BYMV.
Highlights
Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp., family Iridaceae) is a vegetatively propagated ornamental plant of economic value which occupies a prominent position in global flower industry [1] and ranks amongst the top six flowers of export market
The analyses of various genes of CK-GL2 isolate showed variability in the amino acid sequence similarity and the results indicated that the conserved regions of CK-GL2 isolate lie in proteins: cylindrical inclusion (CI)> 6K1> 6K2> helper component proteinase (HC-Pro)> nuclear inclusion a (NIa)-Pro> coat protein (CP)> viral protein genomelinked (VPg)> P3> nuclear inclusion b (NIb)> P1 with respect to other closely related Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolates (Table 3)
Viruses are a major problem in gladiolus because the plants are propagated by corms that may harbor the virus which may cause significant plant mortality [6]
Summary
Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp., family Iridaceae) is a vegetatively propagated ornamental plant of economic value which occupies a prominent position in global flower industry [1] and ranks amongst the top six flowers of export market. Gladiolus ranks second in area and production of cut flowers grown in India [2] It is being grown in an area of 11,660 ha in the country with an estimated production of 1060 million cut flowers. Gladiolus is prone to viral, fungal, bacterial, pests and phytoplasmal diseases which affect its yield and production worldwide, causing losses to the floriculture industry [4,5]. These diseases reduce the quantity and quality of gladiolus flowers and in some cases may cause significant plant mortality [6]
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