Abstract
Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a sensor that can detect low-light signals lower than the single-photon level. In order to study the properties of neutrinos at a low detection threshold and low radioactivity experimental background, a low-temperature CsI neutrino coherent scattering detector is designed to be read by the SiPM sensor. Less thermal noise of SiPM and more light yield of CsI crystals can be obtained at the working temperature of liquid nitrogen. The breakdown voltage (Vbd) and dark count rate (DCR) of SiPM at liquid nitrogen temperature are two key parameters for coherent scattering detection. In this paper, a low-temperature test is conducted on the mass-produced ON Semiconductor J-Series SiPM. We design a cryogenic system for cooling SiPM at liquid nitrogen temperature and the changes of operating voltage and dark noise from room to liquid nitrogen temperature are measured in detail. The results show that SiPM works at the liquid nitrogen temperature, and the dark count rate drops by six orders of magnitude from room temperature (120 kHz/mm2) to liquid nitrogen temperature (0.1 Hz/mm2).
Highlights
IntroductionThe neutrinos produced from different neutrino sources presented different energy spectra, and as such the energy of the corresponding recoil nucleus from coherent scattering and the requirements for detection threshold and background are different [13]
Dark noise will directly affect the signal-to-noise ratio, which is very important in the detection and discrimination of single-photon weak signals using Silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM)
In order to measure the performance of SiPM at liquid nitrogen temperature, we design a cooling system that can maintain the experiment environment at the setting temperature, and achieve a smooth cooling process of SiPM
Summary
The neutrinos produced from different neutrino sources presented different energy spectra, and as such the energy of the corresponding recoil nucleus from coherent scattering and the requirements for detection threshold and background are different [13]. CsI crystals have the highest light yield among mass produced crystals at low temperatures and can reach around 100 photons/keV [14]. Low temperatures can effectively suppress the shortcomings of the high dark count rate (DCR) of SiPMs. In older to reach the requirement of a low threshold detector, DCR should be lower than 0.1 Hz/mm at the liquid nitrogen temperature [15]. We investigate this mass-produced SiPMs at liquid nitrogen temperature to determine whether it can be used in a coherent scattering experiment to detect neutrinos at low threshold
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