Abstract
Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in which articular cartilage is considerably damaged by matrix-degrading processes that are caused by a homeostatic imbalance stemming from an unaddressed local inflammatory environment and altered cellular mechanotransduction. IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a central role in the anti-inflammatory response of the immune system. In cartilage homeostasis, IL-4 is known to be involved in the integrin-regulated mechanotransduction pathway and the hyperpolarization of the cell membrane in chondrocytes.
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