Abstract
Brassica carinata, a natural alloploid formed between B. oleracea and B. nigra, is a potential oil crop for the Mediterranean area in which genetic transformation could help to breeding. In vitro culture and shoot regeneration are key factors in developing an efficient transformation method in the genus Brassica. However, the studies for in vitro culture and shoot regeneration in B. carinata are limited to only a few genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro culture response and shoot regeneration in a collection of B. carinata accessions to identify promising genotypes with high shoot regeneration for genetic transformation experiments. Cotyledonary explants from 51 genotypes were cultured in vitro and callus formation and swelling as well as the mode of shoot regeneration evaluated. A highly positive response to in vitro culture, i.e. callus formation or swelling, was observed in all the genotypes tested. Tissue blackening occurred only in eleven genotypes. Parameters like callus formation and swelling, and number of shoots per explant were highly variable among genotypes. Fourteen genotypes regenerated only via callus formation, whereas only one regenerated only via swelling. Most genotypes showed a higher percentage of callus formation than swelling. The average number of shoots regenerating per explant among genotypes was the most variable factor measured. Six genotypes regenerated more than 6 shoots per explant via callus phase. These genotypes have been identified as having a high regeneration potential and can be used in genetic transformation via Agrobacterium.
Highlights
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the third most important source of vegetable oil in the world with 31 million cultivated hectares in the year 2009 (FAOSTAT, 2011).Modification of the fatty acid composition is currently an important objective of plant breeding of this crop [1] and there is considerable commercial interest in the development of high erucic acid and/or low glucosinolates lines targeted toward industrial end-use and in the development of low erucic acid, low linoleic and high oleic lines for food industries.Ethiopian mustard, B. carinata A
Shoot regeneration from cotyledons in the genus Brassica can be produced via an indirect callus phase
Not all genotypes produce callus and, in some genotypes, direct shoot regeneration is observed via swelling at the petiole base (Figure 1(a))
Summary
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the third most important source of vegetable oil in the world with 31 million cultivated hectares in the year 2009 (FAOSTAT, 2011).Modification of the fatty acid composition is currently an important objective of plant breeding of this crop [1] and there is considerable commercial interest in the development of high erucic acid and/or low glucosinolates lines targeted toward industrial end-use and in the development of low (or zero) erucic acid, low linoleic and high oleic lines for food industries.Ethiopian mustard, B. carinata A. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the third most important source of vegetable oil in the world with 31 million cultivated hectares in the year 2009 (FAOSTAT, 2011). Modification of the fatty acid composition is currently an important objective of plant breeding of this crop [1] and there is considerable commercial interest in the development of high erucic acid and/or low glucosinolates lines targeted toward industrial end-use and in the development of low (or zero) erucic acid, low linoleic and high oleic lines for food industries. Plant transformation systems have been developed for many economically important species of the genus. Javier Gil-Humanes acknowledges the CSIC for a pre-doctoral I3P fellowship and to Dr. Penelope Sparrow from the Crop Genetics Department of.
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