Abstract
Poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans, and poison oaks, T. diversilobum and T. pubescens, are perennial woody species of the Anacardiaceae and are poisonous, containing strong allergens named urushiols that cause allergic contact dermatitis. Poison ivy is a species distributed from North America to East Asia, while T. diversilobum and T. pubescens are distributed in western and eastern North America, respectively. Phylogreography and population structure of these species remain unclear. Here, we developed microsatellite markers, via constructing a magnetic enriched microsatellite library, from poison ivy. We designed 51 primer pairs, 42 of which successfully yielded products that were subsequently tested for polymorphism in poison oak, and three subspecies of poison ivy. Among the 42 loci, 38 are polymorphic, while 4 are monomorphic. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 1 to 12 and from 0.10 to 0.87, respectively, in poison ivy, while varied from 2 to 8 and, from 0.26 to 0.83, respectively in poison oak. Genetic analysis revealed distinct differentiation between poison ivy and poison oak, whereas slight genetic differentiation was detected among three subspecies of poison ivy. These highly polymorphic microsatellite fingerprints enable biologists to explore the population genetics, phylogeography, and speciation in Toxicodendron.
Highlights
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (ANACARDIACEAE), poison ivy, is a species widespread from North America to East Asia [1]
We developed microsatellite fingerprints from the poison ivy for estimating population structuring within species and genetic affinity among species
To test the optimal annealing temperatures, which were obtained with gradient temperature PCRs, two individuals of Toxicodendron species/subspecies were selected as the template DNAs
Summary
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (ANACARDIACEAE), poison ivy, is a species widespread from North America to East Asia [1]. There are seven subspecies in North America, mostly in southern Cascades, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert [4]; in East Asia, two subspecies are distributed in Japan In Section Eutoxicodendron [9], as sisters to the poison ivy, poison oaks contain two species, T. diversilobum and T. pubescens [1]. The former species are distributed in the western North America, and the latter is distributed in eastern North America. Toxicodendron rydbergii, the western poison ivy, is morphological similarity but geographically distinct in western North America (1). Theses markers are tested for the species transferability, and genetic polymorphisms
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