Abstract
An exceptional drought struck Henan province during the summer of 2014. It caused directly the financial loss reaching to hundreds of billion Yuan (RMB), and brought the adverse influence for people’s life, agricultural production as well as the ecosystem. The study in this paper characterized the Henan 2014 summer drought event through analyzing the spatial distribution of drought severity using precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The trend analysis of the annual precipitation from 2003 to 2014 showed that the region over Henan province is becoming dry. Especially in the east of Henan province, the decrease of precipitation is more obvious with the maximum change rate of ~48 mm/year. The rainfall in summer (from June to August) of 2014 was the largest negtive anomaly in contrast with the same period of historical years, which was 43% lower than the average of the past ten years. Drought severity derived from Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) indicated that all areas of Henan province experienced drought in summer of 2014 with different severity levels. The extreme drought, accounting for about 22.7 % of Henan total area, mainly occurred in Luohe, Xuchang, and Pingdingshan regions, and partly in Nanyang, Zhengzhou, and Jiaozuo. This is consistent with the statistics from local municipalities. The Normalized Drought Index Anomaly (NDAI), calculated from MODIS NDVI and LST products, can capture the evolution of the Henan 2014 summer drought effectively. Drought severity classified by NDAI also agreed well with the result from the SPI.
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