Abstract
Actinomycetes are highly economic and biotechnologically useful prokaryotes able to produce wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and enzymes. The present study, aimed to isolate and screen actinomycetes from various soil samples collected from different regions of Saini, Egypt for chitinase production. In instantaneous isolation and screening of actinomycetes from Sixty-one soil samples, only eight isolates were found to have the capability to produce chitinase on colloidal media. Actinomycete strain A13 exhibit highest chitinase production while other strain shown poor production as compared to an index of relative enzyme activity. The most potent chitinolytic actinomycete isolate No. A13 was selected for further studies concerning their identification. Morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic analysis (16S rRNA). In addition to biochemical studies and culture characteristics as well as the chemical analysis of the cell wall, were carried out for the isolate under study. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic accumulated characteristics of the most potent chitinolytic actinomycetes isolate and consulting the recommended International Key’s of Bergey’s Manual for identification of actinomycetes, it was found that this isolate matched with Amycolatopsis orientalis by 97% with some differences and was given the name Amycolatopsis orientalis A13 sp. nova. The results revealed that the chitinase produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis A13 sp. nova can be optimized to produce the highest yield of chitinase and used as biocontrol agent.
Highlights
Actinomycetes are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria, characterized by a complex life cycle belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, which represents one of the largest taxonomic units among the 18 major lineages currently recognized within the Domain Bacteria
The results revealed that the chitinase produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis A13 sp. nova can be optimized to produce the highest yield of chitinase and used as biocontrol agent
No growth was observed on colloidal chitin (CC) medium except isolates No.11,23M.When these isolates compared according to calculating of An index of relative enzyme activity (RA) for each isolate, A13 was ranked as the most potent chitinolytic actinomycete producer
Summary
Actinomycetes are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria, characterized by a complex life cycle belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, which represents one of the largest taxonomic units among the 18 major lineages currently recognized within the Domain Bacteria. Actinobacteria are widely distributed in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, mainly in soil, where they play an essential role in recycling refractory biomaterials by decomposing complex mixtures of polymers in dead plants, animals, and fungal materials. They are important in soil biodegradation and humus formation as they recycle the nutrients associated with recalcitrant polymers, such as chitin, keratin, and lignocelluloses (Mukesh et al, 2014). Biocontrol has been shown to contribute to plant protection (Doumbou et al, 2001), chitinases produced by the actinomycetes are thought to participate in antagonistic interactions with pathogenic fungi (El‐Tarabily et al, 2000; Rey & Dumas, 2017). The present study aimed to isolate, identification, and characterization of the most prominent chitinolytic actinomycete bacteria from soil sample (desert soil of El Tur, Sinai) and optimization of production parameters for maximum chitinase production
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