Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) composites containing siliceous sponge spicules (SSS) were prepared from three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments. Acrylic acid (AA)-grafted polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA-g-AA) and SSS were used to improve the compatibility of the SSS within the PHA matrix. Mechanical and morphological characterizations indicated that the improved adhesion between the SSS and PHA-g-AA enhanced the tensile strength at failure and Young’s modulus of the composite compared with that of PHA/SSS. The PHA-g-AA/SSS composites were also more water-resistant than the PHA/SSS composites. Human foreskin fibroblasts (FBs) were seeded on two series of these composites to assess cytocompatibility. FB proliferation was greater for the PHA/SSS composites than the PHA-g-AA/SSS composites. Moreover, SSS enhanced the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of PHA-g-AA/SSS and PHA/SSS composites, demonstrating the potential of PHA-g-AA/SSS and PHA/SSS composites for biomedical material applications.
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