Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 challenges the understanding of factors affecting disease progression and severity. The identification of prognostic biomarkers and physiological processes associated with disease symptoms is relevant for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to contribute to the control of this pandemic. To address this challenge, in this study, we used a quantitative proteomics together with multiple data analysis algorithms to characterize serum protein profiles in five cohorts from healthy to SARS-CoV-2-infected recovered (hospital discharge), nonsevere (hospitalized), and severe [at the intensive care unit (ICU)] cases with increasing systemic inflammation in comparison with healthy individuals sampled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed significantly dysregulated proteins and associated biological processes and disorders associated to COVID-19. These results corroborated previous findings in COVID-19 studies and highlighted how the representation of dysregulated serum proteins and associated BPs increases with COVID-19 disease symptomatology from asymptomatic to severe cases. The analysis was then focused on novel disease processes and biomarkers that were correlated with disease symptomatology. To contribute to translational medicine, results corroborated the predictive value of selected immune-related biomarkers for disease recovery [Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1)], severity [Carboxypeptidase B2 (CBP2)], and symptomatology [Pregnancy zone protein (PZP)] using protein-specific ELISA tests. Our results contributed to the characterization of SARS-CoV-2–host molecular interactions with potential contributions to the monitoring and control of this pandemic by using immune-related biomarkers associated with disease symptomatology.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, referred as hCoV-19) with immunological dysregulation associated with disease severity [1, 2]
The results advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism-driven host–SARS-CoV-2 interactions and identified immune-related prognostic biomarkers and physiological processes related to COVID-19 symptomatology
Of the significantly dysregulated proteins, Pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) were identified as underrepresented in asymptomatic cases only (Figures 2A, B). These proteins are involved in biological processes (BPs) of female pregnancy and tissue protection
Summary
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, referred as hCoV-19) with immunological dysregulation associated with disease severity [1, 2] The incidence of this pandemic is still increasing worldwide and posts a challenge for the understanding of host and virus-derived factors affecting disease severity and the identification of prognostic biomarkers and physiological processes related to COVID-19 symptomatology and relevant for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to contribute to the control of this pandemic [3,4,5,6]. The results advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism-driven host–SARS-CoV-2 interactions and identified immune-related prognostic biomarkers and physiological processes related to COVID-19 symptomatology
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