Abstract
This study was carried out to characterize and assess the toxicity of Bacolod City Landfill leachate using Tilapia as bio-indicator species. Acclimatized Oreochromis niloticus fishes (length of 14 cm ± 2.0 cm and weight of 11.8 g ± 0.9 g) were introduced into each treatment tank containing three different concentrations of leachate in duplicates (10 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) and a control group. Physical reactions were observed such as erratic swimming, loss of reflex, hyperactivities, and surfacing. Reactions and mortality rate increased with increasing concentration and duration of exposure. Mortality rate using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) revealed a significant difference between treatment groups and exhibited 100 ppm as the most potent concentration. Heavy metal analysis of Cu and Pb as well as physicochemical analysis of color, Chimecal Oxygen Demande (COD) and Total dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeded the country’s environmental standard set by DENR. The 96 h bioassay stemmed the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 57.688 ppm. The study provides a biomarker database in taking action for the responsible enactment and enforcement of laws to upgrade, enhance and install framework for proper treatment of sanitary landfill leachate in cities and municipalities in the country.
Highlights
The anthropogenic activities of humans produce wastes which directly contribute to the contamination of several bodies of water
Chimecal Oxygen Demande (COD) and Total dissolved Solids (TDS) surpassed the permissible limit set by DENR
With the forgoing findings of the present research study, the following conclusions are drawn in light of the investigation: 1. Physicochemical analysis data of leachate samples collected formed the quality database for the study
Summary
The anthropogenic activities of humans produce wastes which directly contribute to the contamination of several bodies of water. The effect of leachate from waste dump sites percolating into nearby water bodies could have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms fish [1]. Toxicity assessment with bioassay method has been widely used to gage landfill leachate toxicity It has been used by several researchers worldwide to calculate the amount of substance an organism can be exposed to before adverse effects are observed [2]. As with other types of Tilapia fishes, O. niloticus are omnivorous feeder in which it can clean up any edible garbage in rivers and in any drainage or irrigation canals. It is highly adaptable and is an cultured type of fish [3]
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