Characterization and thermal decomposition study of mango residue biomass (Mangifera indica L.)

Abstract

In this study, the composition, structure, morphology, and thermal decomposition of the individual constituents of mango residue (husk (H), kernel (K), and peel (P)) and the mixture of the three (HKP) were investigated. The samples presented distinct X-ray diffraction patterns, while the curve of the mixture contained all peaks observed in each individual pattern. The Fourier transform infrared spectra were characteristic of each fraction of the mango residue with slight variations in the shape and position of the bands. The spectrum of the HKP sample shows the same bands of the constituents. The micrographs of H, K, and P show different morphologies, while the micrograph of the mixture corresponded to those seen for the constituents. Thermal analysis from 300 to 1300 K revealed significant differences in the thermal decomposition of each constituent material. H and K presented the greatest mass loss (67%) in the range of 470 to 700 K, with an additional loss up to 900 K for sample H; however, no mass loss was observed in the thermogravimetry analysis curve above 900 K. The mass loss of K progressed from 700 to 1300 K. Sample P exhibited a mass loss of 45.18% from 470 to 700 K with an additional loss up to 1100 K. The mixture exhibited 60% mass loss from 470 to 700 K and a progressive mass loss up to 1300 K, with the largest residual mass of all of the samples at a value slightly higher than the sum of the residual masses of H, K, and P.