Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Thymoquinone Nanoemulsions Prepared by High-Pressure Homogenization

Zaki Tubesha,Zuki Abu Bakar,Maznah Ismail

doi:10.1155/2013/453290

Zaki Tubesha, Zuki Abu Bakar + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/453290

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Abstract

Despite the pharmacological properties of thymoquinone (TQ), its administrationin vivoremains problematic partly due to its poor water solubility, leading to low absorptivity and bioavailability. Hence, the objective of this study is to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the stability of TQ nanoemulsion (TQNE). Conventional emulsion from TQ (TQCE) and empty nano- and conventional emulsions from Triolein (TRNE and TRCE) are also produced for comparison purposes. The oil-in-water nanoemulsions of TQ and Triolein were produced by high-pressure homogenization. Emulsions were characterized physically by droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and refractive index. The changes of these parameters in TQNE samples stored for 6 months at 4 and 25°C were not statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the initial particle sizes of TQNE and TRNE were 119.6 and 119.5 nm, respectively. Stability studies were also performed for the period of 6 months. At the end of the experiment, the percent of remaining TQ in TQNE at 4, 25, and 40°C was 90.6, 89.1, and 87.4 % respectively. Slower degradation of TQ indicated the chemical stability of TQ in TQNE samples. These results indicated that TQNE is stable over a period of 6 months.

Highlights

Excessive production of free radical species through oxidative processes can lead to alteration of cellular functions responsible for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, joint diseases, and aging [1]
The information on droplet size and polydispersity index is important for understanding the behavior of emulsions
TQNE and TRNE showed particle size ranges of 116.7–122.7 and 117.2– 120.8 nm, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Excessive production of free radical species through oxidative processes can lead to alteration of cellular functions responsible for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, joint diseases, and aging [1]. Thymoquinone (Figure 1) is a liposoluble benzoquinone-based phytochemical that has been shown to have remarkable antioxidant and anticancer activities [1]. Thymoquinone is a powerful antioxidant, its administration in vivo remains problematic partly due to its poor water solubility, leading to low absorptivity and bioavailability [4]. The design and development of new drug delivery systems with a view to enhance the efficacy of existing drugs is an ongoing process in pharmaceutical research [5]. Producing suitable formulations is very important to improve the solubility and bioavailability of such drugs. The lipid based formulation approach has attracted wide attention in order to enhance drug solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract [5,6,7]

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