Abstract
Earlier studies on air pollution measurements found that significant dust fallout is a severe problem in central India, with levels of fine particulate matter being several time higher than the prescribed limits. This study mainly examined the spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment of ambient dust fallout (coarser dust particles size > 20 micron) in urban areas of central India. This paper deals the spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout at ambient levels of environmentally defined urban receptors. The dust fallout levels were found to be in the range of 13.73 ± 5.46 to 78.82 ± 34.81 g/m2/month; two to five-fold higher than earlier measurements in same region during 1999-2000. The spatiotemporal variation of dust fallout levels across the selected environmentally defined urban zones was found to be 89, and the different spatial variabilities of 24 chemical constituents of the dust fallout found in this work indicate the complexity of its source signatures. Statistical boxplots of longitudinal data of dust fall chemical constituents are also carried out to assess the means and outliers among different percentile levels.
Highlights
IntroductionPoor technical establishments for combustion processes involved with various ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical industries, paved road makings, on-road traffic management and civil constructions in many urban areas of south and southeast Asian countries has shown multi-fold higher emission of coarser particulates having particle aerodynamic size > 10–20 μm (Murty and Murty, 1973; Tripathi et al, 1991; Khare et al, 1998; Thakur et al, 2004; Das et al, 2005; Budhavant et al, 2012) compared to fine particulate fractions; indicator aerosols of high temperature combustion activities (Buzcu-Guven et al, 2007; Gadkari and Pervez, 2008; Kothai et al, 2008)
This study mainly examined the spatiotemporal variation and source apportionment of ambient dust fallout in urban areas of central India
Highest Temporal variability of ambient dust fallout measurement data has been observed at Birgaon (Industrial residential area R-2), whereas lowest value has been observed at R-7 compared to all sampling sites due to multi-complexity in the source characteristics close to these sites
Summary
Poor technical establishments for combustion processes involved with various ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical industries, paved road makings, on-road traffic management and civil constructions in many urban areas of south and southeast Asian countries has shown multi-fold higher emission of coarser particulates having particle aerodynamic size > 10–20 μm (Murty and Murty, 1973; Tripathi et al, 1991; Khare et al, 1998; Thakur et al, 2004; Das et al, 2005; Budhavant et al, 2012) compared to fine particulate fractions; indicator aerosols of high temperature combustion activities (Buzcu-Guven et al, 2007; Gadkari and Pervez, 2008; Kothai et al, 2008). Regional and continental transportation along with chemical characterization of atmospheric dust fallout has been conducted earlier in different regions world over, described Urban scale dust fall is greatly affected by local sources of emissions, meteorology, topography and other physiographic factors results higher degree of spatiotemporal variations in coarser particulates compared to fine ones (Jackson et al, 1973; Das et al, 2005; Freiman et al, 2006; Balakrishna and Pervez, 2009; Wang et al, 2009). Dust fallout measurements at ambient-outdoor atmospheric levels in different environmentally defined urban zones (residential, commercial and sensitive regions) along with their chemical characterization for markers species of identified sources has been conducted to generate longitudinal dust receptor database for source apportionment studies. Quantification data of dust fallout and their chemical parameters have been analysed for spatiotemporal variation pattern
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