Characterization and Scintillation Studies of a Solid-State Photomultiplier

Abstract

The solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) is a relatively new semiconductor based photodetector that, by using hundreds of micro silicon Geiger-APDs, possesses high gain (105 to 106) and low noise while needing only low voltage (40 - 60 V) to operate. The fast response and high intrinsic gain of SSPMs makes them attractive for timing applications, in particular for positron emission tomography (PET). Here we present the results from the characterization of a 1 times 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SSPM (SSPM-050701GR-TO18, Photonique SA). Several intrinsic SSPM characteristics were measured such as gain, noise, and linearity. Single photon spectra were also collected. Additionally, scintillation studies were performed. The SSPM was coupled to CsI:Tl and LSO scintillation crystals and exposed to various common laboratory radionuclides to measure photopeak energy resolutions. The linearity of the SSPM, when coupled with a scintillator, was also measured. Using a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na source (511 keV annihilation photons), the coincidence timing resolution was measured with the SSPM coupled to LSO. Lastly, we introduce our complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based SSPM and show preliminary characterizations.